Epigenetic Targets in the Treatment of cancer-Juniper Publishers
JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF DRUG DESIGNING & DEVELOPMENT Introduction After the identification of genetic elements in DNA it became apparent that specific cell functions required sophisticated mechanism to regulate gene expression [ 1 ]. This is obtained by modifications of DNA and of histones: methyl residues can be inserted on DNA (cytidine) or on histones (lysine or arginine), while acetyl groups on histones are added or removed to turn genes on or off. The epigenetic machinery is very complex consisting of different protein complexes responsible for the different steps required: by applying a simplification that is certainly inaccurate but useful in practical terms, proteins involved in epigenetic regulation can be divided into writers, erasers and readers. When it was found that these mechanisms may also be responsible for the malignant behaviour of transformed cells [ 2 , 3 ] researchers started to look for specific inhibitors that coul...