Juniper Publishers- Drug Design Open Access Journals

Novel Approaches in Drug Designing & Development (NAPDD)  The global pharmaceutical sales increased from $836 billion in 2014 to $967 billion in 2016 worldwide, from $369 billion to $446 billion in the USA, and from $179 billion to $201 billion in the EU [ 1 ]. In contrast, the number of new patents for drugs [ 2 , 3 ] and/or FDA drug approvals per year (20-40 drugs/year) remain stagnant or in regression [ 4 ]. Furthermore, the health/disease paradigm is changing, with (i) New pandemics in some geographic locations with potential dissemination to other regions. (ii) Expansion of chronic/degenerative disorders in developed countries in parallel with a decrease in infectious diseases in rich economies. (iii) An alarming increase of age-related disorders in both developed and developing countries. (iv) Inequalities in the distribution of health resources and health-care spending (44% in India; 43% in China; 12% in UK and USA). (v) Increase in the cost of hea...

Novel Approaches in Drug Designing & Development (NAPDD) Human suicide risks and mortality predictions and preventions may be transformed from symptom-based prediction systems into pathogenic profiling-supportive diagnostic systems. In addition, specific, highly active and low-toxicity drug may be developed from the wide-spectra parameters of objective clinical data (genomics/bioinformatics/morphology systems). To attain this goal, updating pathways tailored for suicide/mental illness therapeutic improvements may be noticed and established in this article. Keywords: Human suicide; Human genome; Pathology; Neuropsychology; Mood disorder; Disease diagnostics; Neural pharmacology Introduction Human suicide is a long-noticed medical problem [ 1 ]. Currently, suicide prediction, prevention and therapeutics have a number of limitations [ 2 ]. To overcome these limitations, genetic/molecular pathogenesis studies are indi...

Novel Approaches in Drug Designing & Development (NAPDD)   After the identification of genetic elements in DNA it became apparent that specific cell functions required sophisticated mechanism to regulate gene expression [ 1 ]. This is obtained by modifications of DNA and of histones: methyl residues can be inserted on DNA (cytidine) or on histones (lysine or arginine), while acetyl groups on histones are added or removed to turn genes on or off. The epigenetic machinery is very complex consisting of different protein complexes responsible for the different steps required: by applying a simplification that is certainly inaccurate but useful in practical terms, proteins involved in epigenetic regulation can be divided into writers, erasers and readers. When it was found that these mechanisms may also be responsible for the malignant behaviour of transformed cells [ 2 , 3 ] researchers started to look for specific inhibitors that could be used in the "epigenet...

Novel Approaches in Drug Designing & Development (NAPDD) The dictionary definition of "necrotizing” is causing or undergoing necrosis, a word said to have been first used in 1899. Historically, even before 1899, medical men and even cancer quacks had attempted to cure cancer with drugs. Nowadays, this is being intensified. Therefore, a personal hypothesis is proposed here with direct appeal to the recondite researchers in the fruitful field of drug designing and development. Keywords: Cancer; Necrosis; Drug; Design; Thoracic duct; Research Introduction The Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary defines "necrotizing" as "causing or undergoing necrosis" [ 1 ]. It went on to indicate that this word was first used in 1899. However, before that year, causing necrosis was broadly the intention of the medical masters faced with cancer cases [ 2 ]. Nowadays, there is the...

Novel Approaches in Drug Designing & Development (NAPDD) Many microorganisms cause lethal diseases in human causing loss of lives and property worldwide. Many antibiotics are used to cure deadly infections for the past 75 years with no difficulty. Recent outbreaks of multi-drug resistant bacteria have caused millions of death every year and physicians do not know how to cure KPC2 Klebsiella kneumoniae, NDM1 Escherichia coli or MRSA Staphylococcus aureus and XDR Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Sadly once used ampicillin, streptomycin, azithromycin, tetracycline, and chlormphenicol are useless against those bacteria. Combination therapy using colistin, imipenem, amakacin, ceftizidime and investigation drug ovibactam sometime are giving good clinical efficacy but not sure. In such a situation, heterogeneous phyto-antibiotics and gene medicines have been welcome by medical authorities but AMR calamity remains as mdr genes (amp, bla, tet, cat, aac, aad, aph,sul ...

Novel Approaches in Drug Designing & Development (NAPDD)  Recently utilizing nanoemulsion as a vehicle for deliver the drug through transdermal drug delivery has been increased. The purpose of the present study was to develop a nanoemulsion formulation of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride and characterize for transdermal drug delivery. Aqueous titration method was adopted for various oil-in-water nanoemulsion preparations. The prepared nanoemulsions were characterized for its particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, TEM, pH, viscosity, drug content, spread ability and its in-vitro release studies. Drug excipient compatibility study results reveals that the excipient used in the nanoemulsion is having compatibility. Based on its in- vitro release studies formulation F14 showed higher release compared to other formulations. Formulation F14 was converted into Nanoemul gel and characterized. The in-vitro release profile of the optimized formulation was c...