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Mechanisms of AMR: Mdr Genes and Antibiotics Decoys Retard the New Antibiotic Discovery against Superbugs-Juniper Publishers

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  JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF DRUG DESIGNING & DEVELOPMENT Summary Many microorganisms cause lethal diseases in human causing loss of lives and property worldwide. Many antibiotics are used to cure deadly infections for the past 75 years with no difficulty. Recent outbreaks of multi-drug resistant bacteria have caused millions of death every year and physicians do not know how to cure KPC2 Klebsiella kneumoniae, NDM1 Escherichia coli or MRSA Staphylococcus aureus and XDR Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Sadly once used ampicillin, streptomycin, azithromycin, tetracycline, and chlormphenicol are useless against those bacteria. Combination therapy using colistin, imipenem, amakacin, ceftizidime and investigation drug ovibactam sometime are giving good clinical efficacy but not sure. In such a situation, heterogeneous phyto-antibiotics and gene medicines have been welcome by medical authorities but AMR calamity remains as mdr genes (amp, bla, te...
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Enzybiotics, A New Class of Enzyme Antimicrobials Targeted against Multidrug–Resistant Superbugs-Juniper Publishers

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  JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF DRUG DESIGNING & DEVELOPMENT Summary Gut microbiota with 2X10 12 bacterial populations is essential for synthesis of vitamins, coenzymes and many other biomolecules in human and animal. But high dose of antibiotics destructed (since 1928) such bacteria in the alimentary tract posing a threat to extinct of human life. As a result signalling from human and bacteria orchestrated to build a defence to protect symbiotic relations saving both life forms. Bacteria synthesized hundreds of new genes (MDR Genes) to destroy antibiotics in different modes of actions. G-20 leaders and scientists have vowed a strong action plans (as assembled recently in Germany) to abolish the horror of superbugs which are claiming millions of death worldwide. Enzymes as therapeutic antibiotics has taken as emerging new antimicrobials derived from bacteriophages as well as bacteria like Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp. and Histeria monocytog...
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Bioactive Compound Produced from Actinomycetes- Streptomyces-Juniper Publishers

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  JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF DRUG DESIGNING & DEVELOPMENT Abstract The beginning of antibiotic-resistance among the bacteria is really unavoidable. Over the last 60 years, bacteria and, in particular, those pathogenic for humans have evolved toward anti-microbial drug resistance. For the treatment of infectious diseases antibiotics like penicillin and erythromycin are used but now these antibiotics become less effective because bacteria have become more resistant to such antibiotics. The development of new antimicrobial agents is an urgent medical need. Natural products are important sources of lead antimicrobial agents. Actinomycetes are soil dwelling and Gram positive bacteria and industrially wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites producers, including many antibiotics. More than75% of antibiotics are sourced from the genus Streptomyces. This review article focuses on microbial secondary metabolites from Streptomyces as new drugs to f...
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